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Words & phrases · 4 min

Thirty phrases you can read with kana alone

Greetings and short expressions written entirely in hiragana — the first thing to read after the 46 characters.

Greetings

All of these are written in hiragana only, so you can read them right now. Say them out loud.

JapaneseReadingMeaning
おはようohayōmorning (casual)
おはようございますohayō gozaimasugood morning (polite)
こんにちはkonnichiwahello (daytime)
こんばんはkonbanwagood evening
おやすみなさいoyasuminasaigood night
さようならsayōnaragoodbye
じゃあねjā nesee you (casual)
はじめましてhajimemashitenice to meet you

こんにちは and こんばんは end in は but are read "wa" — a leftover from when they were particles. See "The three kana that change when they are particles".

Thanks and apologies

JapaneseReadingMeaning
ありがとうarigatōthanks
ありがとうございますarigatō gozaimasuthank you (polite)
どういたしましてdō itashimashiteyou’re welcome
すみませんsumimasensorry / excuse me
ごめんなさいgomen nasaiI’m sorry
だいじょうぶdaijōbuit’s fine / no problem

すみません does the most work of any phrase here — apologizing, getting attention, and even thanking. If you learn one, learn this.

In shops and restaurants

JapaneseReadingMeaning
いらっしゃいませirasshaimasewelcome (said by staff)
おねがいしますonegaishimasuplease
これkorethis one
それsorethat one
いくらですかikura desu kahow much is it?
いただきますitadakimasusaid before eating
ごちそうさまでしたgochisōsama deshitasaid after eating
おいしいoishiidelicious

これ おねがいします — "this one, please" — handles most ordering. Point at the menu as you say it.

Answers and reactions

JapaneseReadingMeaning
はいhaiyes
いいえiieno
そうですかsō desu kais that so
わかりましたwakarimashitaunderstood
わかりませんwakarimasenI don’t understand
ちょっと まってchotto mattewait a moment
もういちどmō ichidoone more time
ゆっくり おねがいしますyukkuri onegaishimasuplease speak slowly

Two things that trip up the reading

First, the す in です and ます is barely voiced. The u devoices, so it lands closer to "des" than "desu". The same happens to the し in わかりました.

Second, long vowels are easy to drop. ありがとう is arigatō, not "arigato"; おはよう is ohayō, not "ohayo". That final う is lengthening the vowel before it.

Mind those two and these first phrases sound markedly more natural.

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